• Review

    Fractal Science and Innovation: A Roadmap to the AI Era for the Pulp and Paper Industry
    Young Chan Ko, Soon Wan Kweon, Byoung Geun Moon, Jong-Moon Park, Hyoung Jin Kim
    As artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes global industrial paradigms, the pulp and paper industry faces increasing pressure to evolve beyond traditional efficiency-driven models. … + READ MORE
    As artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes global industrial paradigms, the pulp and paper industry faces increasing pressure to evolve beyond traditional efficiency-driven models. This paper introduces the concept of fractal science and innovation—a framework grounded in fractal geometry and nature’s self-organizing principles—as a novel approach to enabling creative and adaptive transformation. We explore how fractal thinking can inform process design, resource optimization, and automation, thereby fostering more intelligent, responsive, and resilient operations. Rather than viewing AI as a replacement for human expertise, we argue that its true potential emerges when integrated with visionary leadership and system architectures inspired by recursive and decentralized design principles. By embedding fractal science into both strategic frameworks and technical workflows, the pulp and paper industry can advance toward a more sustainable, agile, and innovation-driven future in the AI era. - COLLAPSE
    PDFXMLCitation
    ReferencesInformation
    30 August 2025

  • Review

    Rheological Design and Applications of Cellulose Nanofiber in Additive Manufacturing
    Sungchul Shin
    Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has emerged as a sustainable and functional biomaterial for additive manufacturing, offering a unique combination of biodegradability, mechanical strength, … + READ MORE
    Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has emerged as a sustainable and functional biomaterial for additive manufacturing, offering a unique combination of biodegradability, mechanical strength, and tunable surface chemistry. Among various bio-derived materials, CNF is particularly well suited for 3D printing due to their suitable rheological behavior, including shear thinning, yield stress, thixotropic recovery, and viscoelasticity. These properties enable precise control over ink flow and shape fidelity, which are essential for constructing complex structures across a range of printing techniques such as direct ink writing (DIW), embedded 3D printing, and stereolithography (SLA). This review presents a comprehensive overview of the formulation, rheological characterization, and printability of CNF inks, emphasizing how processing conditions collectively influence printability. Representative applications of CNF inks are discussed, including biofabrication, soft electronics, and microfluidic devices, with a focus on how ink design translates to structural performance and functional integration. Finally, this review outlines key challenges and future directions in the development of CNF inks, emphasizing their potential as foundational materials for sustainable and high-precision additive manufacturing. - COLLAPSE
    PDFXMLCitation
    ReferencesInformation
    30 August 2025

  • Original Paper

    Effect of Electrospinning Parameters on the Properties of Polyamic Acid/Lignin Nanofibers
    Young Soo Lee, Sa Rang Choi, Jung Myoung Lee
    Electrospinning is a versatile technique that uses a high-voltage electric field to continuously produce micro- and nanoscale fibers from polymer solutions. The … + READ MORE
    Electrospinning is a versatile technique that uses a high-voltage electric field to continuously produce micro- and nanoscale fibers from polymer solutions. The key electrospinning parameters can be adjusted to control the morphologies, diameters, and porosities of the resulting fibers. Herein, electrospinning is performed using a spinning dope containing polyamide and lignin in a 9:1 weight ratio with a viscosity of 17,944 cP. The effects of tip-to-collector distance (TCD) and applied voltage on the fiber morphology and diameter uniformity are investigated. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that increasing the applied voltage and TCD resulted in the reduction of the fiber diameter. At a voltage of 16 kV and TCD of 18 cm, the smallest average fiber diameter of 319 nm and most uniform fibers were obtained, with the lowest coefficient of variation (18.4%). These parameters considerably impacted the fiber diameter. Thus, uniform nanofibers can be fabricated from polyamic acid/lignin systems by appropriately optimizing the yields of electrospinning parameters. This method can be used for the fabrication of biomass-derived polyimide nanomaterials. - COLLAPSE
    PDFXMLCitation
    ReferencesInformation
    30 August 2025

  • Original Paper

    Preparation and Characterization of Anion-Capturing Aerogel from Freeze-Dried Quaternary Ammonium Cellulose Nanofibers
    Yoon-Hyuck Choi, Seungmin Han, Soo-Jeong Shin, Wanhee Im
    Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are natural nanomaterials derived from cellulose with tunable surface properties, making them ideal candidates for water filtration applications. By … + READ MORE
    Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are natural nanomaterials derived from cellulose with tunable surface properties, making them ideal candidates for water filtration applications. By adjusting the width and length of these fibers, the pore size of filters can be controlled. In this study, CNFs were functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups via a pre-treatment process to enhance their anion capture efficiency. The degree of quaternary amination was varied to systematically tune the charge density and anion adsorption capacity of the CNFs. Cellulose treated with different amounts of glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GMA) was processed through a high-pressure homogenizer to produce CNFs with quaternary ammonium groups. The properties of the functionalized CNFs, including zeta potential, particle size distribution, and viscosity, were analyzed. Zeta potential analysis revealed that increasing the degree of quaternary amination reduced the anionic nature of the fibers and confirmed substitution with cationic quaternary ammonium groups. Furthermore, higher degrees of amination resulted in shorter fibers and enhanced intermolecular interactions, leading to increased viscosity. The CNFs were processed into aerogels and evaluated for anion adsorption capacity. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrated a higher distribution of nitrogen on the CNF surface with increased amination. Filters produced with these CNFs captured more Cl- and Br- ions from 500 ppm solutions, while effectively reducing the charge density of the filtered solutions. These findings demonstrate the potential of functionalized CNFs as sustainable and efficient materials for advanced water filtration systems. The results underscore the importance of tailoring surface functionalization to optimize performance in anion removal, highlighting applications in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. - COLLAPSE
    PDFXMLCitation
    ReferencesInformation
    30 August 2025

  • Original Paper

    Numerical Modeling of Continuous Microwave Drying of Molded Pulp Product
    Lingbo Kong, Ziliang Zhang, Jie Li, Juanjuan Xu, Jiahao Li, Huawei Zuo
    This study investigates the variations in temperature and moisture content during the continuous microwave drying of molded pulp products (MPPs), using an … + READ MORE
    This study investigates the variations in temperature and moisture content during the continuous microwave drying of molded pulp products (MPPs), using an electromagnetic-heat and mass coupling model. Numerical simulations were performed with the discrete-combined method and validated against experimental data. The results showed that, during the initial drying phase, fluctuations in electric field intensity led to an uneven surface temperature distribution, with faster heating occurring at the edges compared to the center. As drying progressed, the temperature increased and became more uniform across the MPP. The moisture content gradually decreased along the conveyor belt, eventually reaching a relatively uniform distribution. This indicates that the dynamic interaction between the continuous movement of the material and the microwave field effectively reduced drying non-uniformity. Additionally, the effects of microwave power were systematically analyzed, revealing final temperatures of 323.7, 343.9, and 363.9 K, and corresponding drying rates of 0.085, 0.120, and 0.145 g/(g·min) at microwave powers of 300, 500, and 700 W, respectively. The model offers valuable theoretical insights into the heat and mass transfer mechanisms during continuous microwave drying of MPPs and provides guidance for enhancing drying uniformity and optimizing process design. - COLLAPSE
    PDFXMLCitation
    ReferencesInformation
    30 August 2025

  • Original Paper

    Evaluation of the Characteristics of Coating Removal Solvents for Traditional and Modern Dancheong

    전통단청과 현대단청의 면닦기 용제의 특성 평가

    Yu-Ju Lee, Tae-Ho Choi

    이유주, 최태호

    Dancheong of wooden architectural heritage deteriorates over time, necessitating repainting. In this study, the material characteristics of traditional and modern dancheong paint … + READ MORE
    Dancheong of wooden architectural heritage deteriorates over time, necessitating repainting. In this study, the material characteristics of traditional and modern dancheong paint layers, as well as the removal characteristics according to adhesive types, were analyzed to facilitate repainting using traditional materials. For traditional dancheong paint layers, characteristic peaks of animal glue and alum were distinctly observed. After applying washing methods for paint layer removal, peaks indicative of the original wood were detected, suggesting that most of the paint layer was effectively removed. Although some residues of glue and pigments remained irregularly, almost no physical damage to the wood surface structure was observed. In contrast, for modern dancheong paint layers, characteristic peaks of synthetic resin adhesives such as acrylic emulsion were identified. Physical treatment using sandpaper alone was insufficient for complete removal of the paint layer. When physical and chemical treatments were combined, a 70% aqueous acetone solution left pigment residues on the wood surface, demonstrating a limitation in removal effectiveness. While pure acetone (100%) showed the highest efficiency in removing the paint layer, the risk of damaging the wood substrate increased accordingly. Pigment particle size had a significant impact on the residual presence of the paint layer. Traditional pigments, with larger and more variable particle size distribution and uniformity, allowed for most of the paint layer to be effectively removed when animal glue was used as the adhesive. However, modern pigments, being smaller and more uniform, tended to penetrate and adhere to the micro-relief structures of the wood surface, making it difficult to achieve complete removal of pigment particles even after adhesive removal. - COLLAPSE
    PDFXMLCitation
    ReferencesInformation
    30 August 2025

  • Original Paper

    Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Carbonization for the Fabrication of Waste Banknotes-Derived Biochar with Enhanced Adsorption Performance

    흡착 성능이 개선된 폐지폐 유래 바이오차 생산을 위한 마이크로파 유도 탄화 최적화 연구

    Jeongjin Park, Heesu Yoo, Chaewon Hwang, Jaemin Jo, Jonghyun Lee, Bonwook Koo

    박정진, 류희수, 황채원, 조재민, 이종현, 구본욱

    This study aimed to develop an efficient carbonization process to convert cellulose-based waste banknotes, produced in large quantities annually, into biochar, a … + READ MORE
    This study aimed to develop an efficient carbonization process to convert cellulose-based waste banknotes, produced in large quantities annually, into biochar, a high-value carbon material. Microwave-assisted carbonization, recognized for its energy efficiency, was applied and optimized. To overcome the low dielectric loss of waste banknotes, bio-activated carbon was introduced as an initiator. Using a central composite design, 17 experimental conditions were generated with moisture content, carbonization time, and microwave power as independent variables, while carbon content was the dependent variable. Elemental analysis and response surface methodology identified the optimal conditions as 800 W microwave power, 47 min reaction time, and 55% moisture content. Biochar obtained under these conditions (MW-WBNC) contained 64.16% carbon, confirming successful carbonization. Compared to furnace-carbonized char (F-WBNC), MW-WBNC exhibited a 2.7-fold increase in surface area (290.83 m2/g) and more uniform micropore formation. Adsorption evaluation showed that the water-holding capacity of MW-WBNC (2.5 g/g) was 4.4 times higher than that of F-WBNC. These findings demonstrate that optimized microwave-assisted carbonization yields biochar with superior pore structure and moisture retention, suitable for agricultural applications. Overall, the study highlights the potential of converting waste banknotes into high-performance biochar while establishing a foundation for energy-saving pyrolysis processes in biomass-derived carbon material production. - COLLAPSE
    PDFXMLCitation
    ReferencesInformation
    30 August 2025

  • Original Paper

    Characterization of Organosolv Lignin Derived from Non-Woody Biomass

    비목질계 바이오매스 유래 유기용매 리그닌의 특성 분석

    Soohyeon Hwang, Jaehyeon Park, Jaehyeung Park, Kang-Jae Kim

    황수현, 박재현, 박재형, 김강재

    As a potential fuel source, lignin promises to mitigate the environmental crises and depletion of natural resources caused by fossil fuel usage. … + READ MORE
    As a potential fuel source, lignin promises to mitigate the environmental crises and depletion of natural resources caused by fossil fuel usage. This paper analyzes the properties of lignin extracted from non-woody biomasses (ramie, kenaf, and hemp) using a glycol ether-organosolv process. To recover the lignin, a 50-g sample of each non-woody biomass was soaked in a glycol ether/H2SO4 co-solvent (96:4 wt./wt.; ether: H2SO4 ratio of 1:10) for 24 h at room temperature. The mixture was reacted in an autoclave at 121°C and 0.15 MPa for 2 h, followed by vacuum filtration. The pulp and black liquor were separated through repeated washing with 1% NaOH and distilled water. The black liquor was adjusted to pH 2 or 5, allowed to settle for 24 h, centrifuged, and dried to obtain lignin at high yield. The lignin yields from hemp (bast) and kenaf were 32.6% and 31.7%, respectively, with Klason lignin contents of 52.4–62.9%. All samples contained hydroxyl groups (3–4 mmol/g) with sizeable proportions of phenolic hydroxyl groups (1.5–1.8 mmol/g). In antioxidant activity tests, hemp (hurd) exhibited the strongest activity and the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (0.064 mg/mL). Principal component analysis classified the biomass constituents by their aromatic structures and clarified the remaining amount of polysaccharides in each biomass. These findings indicate the high functionality and strong commercial potential of non-woody biomass-derived lignin as an eco-friendly material and a viable alternative to fossil fuel-based resources. - COLLAPSE
    PDFXMLCitation
    ReferencesInformation
    30 August 2025
리스트형 보기썸네일형 보기
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korea TAPPI Journal of Korea TAPPI
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close