• Research Article

    Effect of Hydrophobization of Paper by Gas Grafting on Physical Properties of Recycled Paper

    종이의 기상 그라프트 소수화 처리가 재생지의 물성에 미치는 영향

    Kyu Hwan Noh, Yu-Rim Shin, Hyeon Ji Kang, Han Byul Kim, Jeong-Yong Ryu

    노규환, 신유림, 강현지, 김한별, 류정용

    In this study, Hw-BKP handsheets were prepared and treated with gas grafting to achieve hydrophobicity. The study examined the changes in paper … + READ MORE
    In this study, Hw-BKP handsheets were prepared and treated with gas grafting to achieve hydrophobicity. The study examined the changes in paper strength and water resistance after repeating the recycling and gas grafting process. However, the gas grafting treatment caused a decrease in the strength of the handsheet, presumably due to deterioration of the handsheet by hydrochloric acid, by-product from grafting. Furthermore, the fatty acid reacted on the surface of the fiber acted as an interfering factor with the hydrogen bonding between the fibers, resulting in a reduction in the strength of the handsheet after recycling. Although the water resistance of the handsheet decreased after its first recycling following gas grafting, the study confirmed that repeating the grafting process twice enhanced the handsheet's water resistance even after recycling. Therefore, recycling the grafted paper and repeating the grafting treatment once more is an effective method of hydrophobization to minimize the cellulose fibers' wetting in water. Although the beating treatment restored the recycled handsheet's absorbency, it did not significantly recover the strength or formation of the recycled paper. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2023

  • Research Article

    Sulfonation of HwBKP by Sulfur Trioxide Pyridine Complex and Preparation of Anionic Cellulose Beads Using the Same

    Sulfur Trioxide Pyridine Complex를 이용한 HwBKP의 설폰화 및 이를 이용한 음이온성 셀룰로오스 비즈 제조

    Younglae Kim, Dohyeon Heo, Byoung-Uk Cho

    김영래, 허도현, 조병욱

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    30 April 2023

  • Research Article

    Characterization of Cellulose Fibers According to Cellulase-Active Microbial Pretreatment

    Cellulase 활성 미생물 전처리에 따른 셀룰로오스 섬유의 특성 변화

    Kyojung Hwang, Jisoo Park, Sang-Jin Chun, Yujin Oh, Jieun Lee, Tai-Ju Lee, Jaegyoung Gwon

    황교정, 박지수, 전상진, 오유진, 이지은, 이태주, 권재경

    This study evaluated the effects of microbial (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis) pretreatment and mechanical (ball mill) treatment on the … + READ MORE
    This study evaluated the effects of microbial (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis) pretreatment and mechanical (ball mill) treatment on the nanofibrillation of cellulose. The optimal growth conditions were identified a B. subtilis (pH 6-8, 25℃ and 100 rpm) and B. licheniformis (pH 7, 35℃ and 150 rpm), respectively. As a result of evaluating microbial reducing sugar production from carboxymethyl cellulose, B. subtilis case showed similar trends at most experimental conditions (pH, temperature and rpm) except for pH 5. The maximum amount of reducing sugar by B. licheniformis was achieved at the culture conditions with pH 7, 35℃ and 150 rpm. There was no change in the crystalline structure of cellulose by ball mill and microbial treatment, but, XRD peaks intensity decreased. Cellulose nanofibers were observed after 6 hours ball mill treatment of alpha cellulose with/without the microbial pretreatment. When applying microbial pretreatment, the cellulose nanofibers produced by the ball mill had more longer in length than those without the pretreatment. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2023

  • Research Article

    Dynamic Causal Relationships among Imported Pulp and Waste Paper Prices

    수입 펄프가격과 고지가격간의 동태적 인과관계 분석

    Seok-Il Lee, Byung-Sam Yoon

    이석일, 윤병삼

    This study investigates the dynamic causal relationships among imported pulp prices (HwBKP, SwBKP) and waste paper prices (OCC, ONP). The Johansen cointegration … + READ MORE
    This study investigates the dynamic causal relationships among imported pulp prices (HwBKP, SwBKP) and waste paper prices (OCC, ONP). The Johansen cointegration test showed that there existed a long-run equilibrium relationship among four time series variables in this study. Results of the vector error correction model (VECM) indicated that the pulp and waste paper prices had their own error correction mechanisms that lead to convergence toward the long run equilibrium level or steady state. Furthermore, the Granger causality test revealed a bidirectional causal relationship between the pulp prices (HwBKP ⇔ SwBKP), a unidirectional causal relationship between the pulp and waste paper prices (HwBKP ⇒ ONP), and a unidirectional causal relationship between the waste paper prices (OCC ⇒ ONP). Moreover, the results of variance decomposition analysis revealed that the variance of HwBKP and OCC prices primarily reflected own shocks in both the short and long run. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2023

  • Research Article

    Development of Drying Energy Saving Technology of Paperboard by Applying Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Made from Oyster-Shell Byproducts

    굴 패각 부산물 유래 탄산칼슘 적용에 따른 산업용지의 건조에너지 절감 기술 개발

    Soo Hyun Lee, Hae Min Jo, Ji Young Lee, Jin Uk Lee

    이수현, 조해민, 이지영, 이진욱

    In this study, we aimed to identify the possibility of the internal application of a precipitated calcium carbonate made from oyster shell … + READ MORE
    In this study, we aimed to identify the possibility of the internal application of a precipitated calcium carbonate made from oyster shell byproducts (O-shell PCC) for reducing the drying energy in paperboard mills. The micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) was also applied to improve the strength of the paperboard containing O-shell PCC. The O-shell PCC was classified through an 80 mesh screen and then its SEM image, particle size, and zeta potential were analyzed. After the MFC was prepared by micro-grinding hardwood bleached kraft pulp (Hw-BKP), its particle size, viscosity, and fiber width were also measured. The O-shell PCC and MFC were added to the Korean old corrugated container (KOCC) stock to prepare handsheets, and their physical properties and drying energy reduction were measured to determine the effect of the O-shell PCC and MFC on the drying energy saving. The O-shell PCC was effective to improve the bulk and drying energy reduction of handsheets, but the strengths decreased. The MFC was effective in improving the strength, but more drying energy was required as the addition of MFC increased due to its hydrophilic property. In addition, the application of the PCC and MFC, which had not been used in paperboard mills, could increase the production cost. However, the reduced cost of drying energy was estimated to be more than the increased cost of PCC and MFC at the optimum dosage (6% O-shell PCC and 0.2% MFC on o.d. fiber). Therefore, it was concluded that the combination of O-shell PCC and MFC could be effective in saving drying energy in paperboard mills. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2023

  • Research Article

    Analysis of Surface Characteristics of Printing Paper Using Contact Profilometry

    접촉식 프로필러를 이용한 인쇄용지의 표면특성 분석문제목

    Yong Ju Lee, Jae Hyeop Kim, Ji Eun Cha, Na Young Kang, Hyoung Jin Kim

    이용주, 김재협, 차지은, 강나영, 김형진

    The surface roughness and frictional properties of printing paper can significantly impact ink transfer and printability during the printing process. Therefore, the … + READ MORE
    The surface roughness and frictional properties of printing paper can significantly impact ink transfer and printability during the printing process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the surface characteristics of paper in relation to its physical and chemical properties. Surface characteristics were analyzed using profilometry, and the physical and chemical properties of the paper were evaluated based on fiber and filler properties. The results revealed a significant correlation between filler behavior and surface properties. Furthermore, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) as a parameter representing the absolute deviation from the mean value, indicated that the variability depending on the measurement conditions was relatively small in the evaluation of the surface characteristics. Therefore, it is expected that the application range will be wide in the future. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2023

  • Research Article

    Study on Dispersion Characteristics of HwBKP Hydrophobized by Repeated Gas Grafting in Polypropylene

    반복된 기상 그라프트 처리로 소수화한 HwBKP 섬유의 PP 내 분산특성 연구

    Yoo-Rim Shin, Kyu-Hwan Noh, Ha-Un You, Hyoung-Un Kim, Jin-Sol Lee, Jeong-Yong Ryu

    신유림, 노규환, 유하운, 김형운, 이진솔, 류정용

    This study investigated the fiber dispersion characteristics and physical property changes of HwBKP-PP composites through repeated hydrophobization and recycling of cellulose fiber. … + READ MORE
    This study investigated the fiber dispersion characteristics and physical property changes of HwBKP-PP composites through repeated hydrophobization and recycling of cellulose fiber. The gas-grafted paper was disintegrated and then gas-grafted again to achieve uniform dispersion of the cellulose fibers with PP. With each gas grafting repetition, the interfacial affinity between the hydrophobized fibers and PP improved, leading to enhanced tensile strength and melt flow index of the HwBKP-PP composite material due to the improved fiber dispersibility. However, recycling of hydrophobic paper resulted in the loss of fines in the recycled paper, so that increase in average fiber length caused fiber agglomeration, resulting in poor dispersibility, and subsequently decreasing the tensile strength and melt flow index of the composite. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2023
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