All Issue

2025 Vol.57, Issue 5 Preview Page

Original Paper

Evaluation of Physical Properties of Fruit Bag Base Papers Under Different Raw Material Conditions for Developing Export-Grade Mango Fruit Bag Base Paper

수출용 망고봉지 개발을 위한 원료 조건별 과일봉지 원지 물성 평가

Min Seo Kim1
,
Ji Hyun Tak1
,
Ji Young Lee2†
,
Jun Sik Ha3
김 민서1
,
탁 지현1
,
이 지영2†
,
하 준식3
1Department of Forest Products, Gyeongsang National University
2Department of Environmental Materials Science/Institute of Agricultural and Life SciNational University
3Namgang Paper Co., Ltd.
1경상국립대학교 임산공학과, 대학원생
2경상국립대학교 환경재료과학과/농업생명과학연구원, 교수
3남강제지㈜, 대표이사
†Corresponding Author: E-mail: paperyjy@gnu.ac.kr (Address: Department of Environmental Materials Science/Institute of AgriculLife Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea)
30 October 2025. pp. 60-68
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study evaluated the physical properties of fruit bag base papers prepared under different raw material conditions and compared them with overseas mango bag paper. The prototypes of fruit bag base paper were produced in a thin paper mill using softwood bleached kraft pulp (SwBKP), hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP), and mixed recycled pulp (RP), followed by internal sizing agents, wet strength agents, dyes, and paraffin wax coating. The physical properties, such as wet tensile strength, air resistance, opacity, light scatand water resistance, were measured according to standard testing methods. The results showed that blending SwBKP and unbleached kraft pulp (UKP) improved wet tensile strength, air resistance, and opacity due to enhanced fiber bonding and sheet density. At the same time, a high proportion of RP reduced strength and air permeation resistance. Water repellency of base papers was sufficiently achieved with a paraffin wax coating of 1.0 g/m2. Compared with overseas mango bag paper, the basis weight range was similar, but wet tensile strength was higher under certain conditions and lower in others. Domestic papers generally exhibited higher air permeability, which is favorable for local use but requires adjustment for export markets. Opacity and water repellency were superior to overseas products, indicating strong light-shielding and hydrophobic performance. In conclusion, pulp composition and chemical treatment strongly influenced the performance of fruit bag base paper. Optimized blending of UKP and SwBKP, combined with internal sizing and coating, could enhance both mechanical and optical properties, supporting improved competitivethe global market.

Keywords
Fruit bag base paper
export-grade mango bag
overseas mango bag raw material conditions
physical property
comparative study
References
1

Frank, D. L. (2018). Evaluation of fruit bagging as a pest management option for direct pests of apple. Insects, 9(4), 1-12.

10.3390/insects904017830513746PMC6316256
2

Leite, G. L. D., Fialho, A., Zanuncio, J. C., & Junior, R. R. (2014). Bagging tomato fruits: A viable economical method of preventing diseases and insect damage in organic production. The Florida Entomologist, 97(1), 50-60.

10.1653/024.097.0106
3

Ali, M. M., Anwar, R., Yousef, A., Binqi Li, A., Luvisi, L., De Bellis, A., Aprile, A., & Chen, F. (2021). Influence of bagging on the development and quality of fruits. Plants, 10, 358.

10.3390/plants1002035833668522PMC7918571
4

Yang, H., Gu, F., Wu, F., Wang, B., Shi, L., & Hu, Z. (2022). Production, use and recycling of fruit cultivating bags in China. Sustainability, 14(21), 14144.

10.3390/su142114144
5

Zhi, C., Ali, M. M., Zhang, J., Shi, M., Ma, S., & Chen, F. (2021). Effect of paper and aluminum bagging on fruit quality of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Plants, 10(12), 2704.

10.3390/plants1012270434961175PMC8707535
6

Harker, F. R., Gunson, F. A., & Jaeger, S. R. (2003). The case for fruit quality: An interpretive review of consumer attitudes and preferences for apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 28(3), 333-347.

10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00215-6
7

Rahman, S. M. E., Mele, M. A., Lee, Y. T., & Islam, M. Z. (2021). Consumer preference, quality, and safety of organic and conventional fresh fruits, vegetables, and cereals. Foods, 10(1), 105.

10.3390/foods1001010533419085PMC7825453
8

Srivastava, K. K., Soni, S. K., Kumar, D., & Dwivedi, S. K. (2023). Effect of different bagging materials on guava fruit physiology and its quality attributes. Plant Physiology Reports, 28(2), 238-246.

10.1007/s40502-023-00733-9PMC10236389
9

Islam, M., Ratna, M., Akter, N., Yesmin, M. S., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M. G., Ali, A., & Haque, M. E. (2023). Effect of different bagging materials on fruit quality of mango. East African Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 6(11), 189-196.

10.36349/easjals.2023.v06i11.001
10

Hofman, P. J., Smith, L. G., Joyce, D. C., Johnson, G. I., & Meiburg, G. F. (1997). Bagging of mango (Mangifera indica cv. ‘Keitt’) fruit influences fruit quality and mineral composition. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 12(1), 83-91.

10.1016/S0925-5214(97)00039-2
11

Amarante, C., Banks, N. H., & Max, S. (2002). Effect of preharvest bagging on fruit quality and postharvest physiology of pears (Pyrus communis). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30(1), 99-107.

10.1080/01140671.2002.9514204
12

Pino, M., Bienvenido, C., Wong, M. E., Rodríguez, M. C., & Boyero, J. R. (2021). Influence of pre-harvest bagging on the incidence of Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and fruit quality in mango. Insects, 12(6), 500.

10.3390/insects1206050034072191PMC8228295
13

Xu, H. X., Chen, J. W., & Xie, M. (2010). Effect of different light transmittance paper bags on fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in loquat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(11), 1783-1788.

10.1002/jsfa.4012
14

Neto, S. E. A., Rocha, C., Farias, J. F., Minosso, S. C. C., & Ferreira, R. L. F. (2020). Quality of guava fruits bagged with different materials in an organic system. Comunicata Scientiae, 11, e3206.

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3206
15

Athoo, T. O., Yegon, D., Owino, W. O., & Knoche, M. (2024). Bagging prevents russeting and decreases postharvest water loss of mango fruit cv. ‘Apple’. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 211, 112804.

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.112804
16

Shama, R. R., Reddy, S. V. R., & Jhalegar, M. J. (2014). Pre-harvest fruit bagging: A useful approach for plant protection and improved post-harvest fruit quality - A review. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 89(2), 101-113.

10.1080/14620316.2014.11513055
17

Jangid, T. R., Rathore, R. S., Naqvi, A. R., & Yadav, P. K. (2021). Study of the effect of different fruit bunch covering materials on bird damage, yield, and quality of date palm cv. Halaway in western Rajasthan. Sugar Tech, 23(3), 933-940.

10.1007/s12355-021-00963-x
18

Liu, T., Song, S., Yuan, Y., Wu, D., Chen, M., Sun, Q., Zhang, B., Xu, C., & Chen, K. (2015). Improved peach peel color development by fruit bagging: Enhanced expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes using white non-woven polypropylene as replacement for yellow paper. Scientia Horticulturae, 184, 142-148.

10.1016/j.scienta.2015.01.003
19

Rahman, M. A., Alam, S. M. K., Reza, M. H., Uddin, M. S., Amin, M. N., & Nasrin, T. A. A. (2019). Impact of pre-harvest fruit bagging and improved postharvest practices in reducing losses and managing quality of mango in the value chain system. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation, 6(2), 117.

10.1504/IJPTI.2019.105896
20

Tsvakirai, C. Z., & Mosikari, T. J. (2022). The influence of product quality on export performance: Eco-efficient value in South African peach and nectarine fresh exports. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 34(4), 389-409.

10.1080/08974438.2021.1900017
21

Ogunbode, T. O., Esan, V. I., Ayegboyin, M. H., Ogunlaran, O. M., Sangoyomi, E. T., & Akande, J. T. (2024). Understanding the perception of mango (Mangifera indica) farmers on the impact of climate change on mango farming in Nigeria. International Journal of Agronomy, 2024(1), 1-10.

10.1155/2024/6486998
22

Puspitasari, A. M. K., Kiloes, A. M., & Syah, J. A. (2021). Factors affecting sustainability of increasing mango export: An application of MICMAC method. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 892(1), 1-7.

10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012101
23

Song, J. H., Cho, K. S., Kim, J. C., Kang, S. S., Kim, Y. K., & Jeong, S. B. (2006). The use of fruit bag as a bird management tool in pear orchard. Korean Journal of Ornithology, 13(1), 15-19.

24

Choi, J. H., Yim, S. H., Kim, S. J., Lee, H. C., & Kwon, Y. H. (2015). Occurrence of micro-cracking according to bagging paper in ‘Mansoo’ pear fruits. Horticultural Science and Technology, 33(4), 479-485.

10.7235/hort.2015.15026
25

Ji, S. T., Youm, J. W., & Yoo, J. Y. (2018). A feasibility study on the cultivation of tropical fruit in Korea: Focused on mango. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 19(6), 252-263.

10.5762/KAIS.2018.19.6.252
26

Jeong, H. K., Kim, C. G., & Lee, M. S. (2014). Identifying factors affecting consumer’s choice of domestic mango. Korean Journal of Agricultural Management and Policy, 41(2), 271-292.

27

Das, S. C., Datta, M., Ray, P., Singh, S. K., Jena, R. K., Das, B., & Ray, S. K. (2019). Mango (Mangifera indica) cultivation in the north-eastern region of India. Advanced Agricultural Research & Technology Journal, 3(1), 54-66.

28

Yadav, A. S., & Pandey, D. C. (2016). Geographical perspective of mango production in India. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(4), 257-265.

29

Jo, H. M., Lee, J. Y., Kim, S. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2020). Strength improvement of the coloring paper for fruit bag by using non-woody bamboo kraft pulp. Journal of Korea TAPPI, 52(6), 132-139.

10.7584/JKTAPPI.2020.12.52.6.132
30

Ghasemi-Kahrizsangi, A., Neshati, J., Shariatpanahi, H., & Akabaribezhad, E. (2015). Improving the UV degradation resistance of epoxy coatings using modified carbon black nanoparticles. Progress in Organic Coatings, 85, 199-207.

10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.04.011
31

Liu, M., & Horrocks, A. R. (2002). Effect of carbon black on UV stability of LLDPE films under artificial weathering conditions. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 75(3), 485-499.

10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00252-X
32

Horrocks, A. R., Mwila, J., Miraftab, M., Liu, M., & Chohan, S. S. (1999). The influence of carbon black on properties of orientated polypropylene 2. Thermal and photodegradation. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 65(1), 25-36.

10.1016/S0141-3910(98)00213-4
Information
  • Publisher :Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국펄프종이공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korea TAPPI
  • Journal Title(Ko) :펄프종이기술
  • Volume : 57
  • No :5
  • Pages :60-68
  • Received Date : 2025-10-02
  • Revised Date : 2025-10-15
  • Accepted Date : 2025-10-15
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7584/JKTAPPI.2025.10.57.5.60
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korea TAPPI Journal of Korea TAPPI
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close