Development of Novel Appraising Method for Chinese Ink Spreading on the Korean Traditional Paper

Sang-Hyun Lee; Seog-Ran Kim; Chang-Owan Park; Tae-Ho Choi

doi:10.7584/JKTAPPI.2025.10.57.5.69

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2025 Vol.57, Issue 5 Preview Page

Original Paper

Development of Novel Appraising Method for Chinese Ink Spreading on the Korean Traditional Paper 새로운 한지 발묵성(發墨性) 평가법 개발

30 October 2025. pp. 69-80

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Abstract

The Chinese ink spreading characteristics of traditional Korean paper, known as “Balmuk,” are crucial for evaluating the paper quality. In this study, a new dynamic Chinese ink spreading evaluation method was developed, which complements the existing static Chinese ink spreading method, i.e., the roundness method. Basis weight and thickness considerably influenced the static Chinese ink spreading characteristics of traditional Korean paper. Roundness, rather than the spreading area, was a suitable evaluation parameter, regardless of the sheet-forming method employed. Correlation analysis between the static Chinese ink spreading area and roundness for Ssangbal-choji Hanji showed a significant relationship (p-value ≤ 0.01), whereas those for Oebal-choji Hanji did not exhibit a significant correlation. The apparent density considerably impacted the dynamic Chinese ink spreading characteristics. Moreover, these characteristics could be appropriately evaluated along the laid direction and chain direction for Oebal-choji Hanji and Ssangbal-choji Hanji, respectively. Correlation analysis between the dynamic Chinese ink spreading area and length showed a significant relationship, with p-value ≤ 0.01, regardless of the sheet-forming method employed. Correlation analysis between static and dynamic Chinese ink spreading showed significant correlations between static ink spreading area and both dynamic ink spreading area and length (p-value ≤ 0.01), regardless of the sheet-forming method employed. These findings indicated that the static ink spreading area and either the dynamic ink spreading area or length were suitable for comparing the two Chinese ink spreading characteristics. K-means cluster analysis of these characteristics indicated that the optimal number of clusters was two for Oebal-choji Hanji and three for Ssangbal-choji Hanji. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the basis weight and apparent density considerably impacted the ink spreading characteristics for Oebal-choji Hanji, whereas the basis weight impacted those for Ssangbal-choji Hanji. In static Chinese ink spreading tests, Ssangbal-choji Hanji exhibited better roundness and more uniform ink spreading shape than Oebal-choji Hanji. However, in dynamic spreading tests, Oebal-choji Hanji exhibited longer and more uniform ink spreading patterns than Ssangbal-choji Hanji. The correlation analysis, PCA, and ink spreading pattern analysis indicated that the dynamic Chinese ink spreading method was more suitable than the static method for evaluating the Chinese ink spreading characteristics of traditional Korean paper.

Keywords

Traditional Korean paper (Hanji)

Chinese ink spreading (Balmuk)

roundness

correlation analysis

principal component analysis (PCA)

Bandzug nib pen

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Information

Publisher :Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
Publisher(Ko) :한국펄프종이공학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korea TAPPI
Journal Title(Ko) :펄프종이기술
Volume : 57
No :5
Pages :69-80
Received Date : 2025-10-01
Revised Date : 2025-10-16
Accepted Date : 2025-10-17
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7584/JKTAPPI.2025.10.57.5.69

Journal of Korea TAPPI ISSN:0253-3200(Print) 펄프종이기술

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