All Issue

2016 Vol.48, Issue 1
Electron Microscopy for the Morphological Characterization of Nanocellulose Materials

전자현미경을 이용한 나노셀룰로오스 물질의 형태학적 특성 분석 연구

Ohkyung Kwon
,
Soo-Jeong Shin1†
권오경
,
신수정 1†
Seoul National University, National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Nanobioimaging Center
1Department of Wood and Paper Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk,28644
서울대학교 농생명과학공동기기원 나노바이오이미징센터
1충북대학교 목재종이과학과
†E-mail: soojshin@cbun.ac.kr
28 February 2016. pp. 05-18
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Electron microscopy is an important investigation and analytical method for the morphological characterization of various cellulosic materials, such as micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC), microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). However, more accurate morphological analysis requires high-quality micrographs acquired from the proper use of an electron microscope and associated sample preparation methods. Understanding the interaction of electron and matter as well as the importance of sample preparation methods, including drying and staining methods, enables the production of high quality images with adequate information on the nanocellulosic materials. This paper provides a brief overview of the micro and nano structural analysis of cellulose, as investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

Keywords
Nanocellulose
transmission electron microscopy
scanning electron microscopy
sample preparation
References

Literature Cited

1
Y. Habibi, L. A. Lucia and O. J. Rojas, Chemical Reviews, Cellulose Nanocrystals: Chemistry, Self-Assembly, and Applications, 110(6); 3479-3500 (2010)10.1021/cr900339w
2
R. J. Moon, A. Martini, J. Nairn, J. Simonsen and J. Youngblood, Chemical Society Review, Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites, 40; 3941-3994 (2011)10.1039/c0cs00108b
3
H.P.S. A. Khalil, Y. Davoudpour, Md.N. Islam, A. Mustapha, K. Sudesh, R. Dungani and M. Jawaid, Carbohydrate Polymers, Production and modification of nanofibrillated cellulose using various mechanical process: A review, 99; 649-665 (2014)10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.069
4
M. Mariano, N. E. Kissi and A. Dufresne, Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics, -Cellulose nanocrystals and related nanocomposites: review of some properties and challenges, 52(12); 791-806 (2014)10.1002/polb.23490
5
L. De Broglie, Foundations of Physics, The reinterpretation of wave mechanics, 1(1); 5-15 (1970)10.1007/BF00708650
6
R. F. Egerton, P. Li and M. Malac, Micron, Radiation damage in the TEM and SEM, 35; 399-409 (2004)10.1016/j.micron.2004.02.003
7
O. L. Krivanek, N. Dellby, M. F. Murfitt, M. F. Chisholm, T. J. Pennycook, K. Suenaga and V. Nicolosi, Ultramicroscopy, Gentle STEM: ADF imaging and EELS at low primary energies, 110(8); 935-945 (2010)10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.02.007
8
Y. Peng, D. J. Gardner and Y. Han, Cellulose, Drying cellulose nanofibrils: In search of a suitable method, 19; 91-102 (2012)10.1007/s10570-011-9630-z
9
Y. Peng, Y. Han and D. J. Gardner, Wood and Fiber Science, Spray-drying cellulose nanofibrils: Effect of drying process parameters on particle morphology and size distribution, 44(4); 1-14 (2012)
10
S. Beck, J. Bouchard and R. Berry, Biomacromolecules,, Dispersibility in water of dried nanocrystalline cellulose, 13; 1486-1494 (2012)10.1021/bm300191k
11
M. I. Voronova, A. G. Zakharov, O. Y. Kuznetsov and O. V. Surov, Materials Letters, The effect of drying technique of nanocellulose dispersions on properties of dried materials, 68; 164-167 (2012)10.1016/j.matlet.2011.09.115
12
N. Quiévy, N. Jacquet, M. Sclavons, C. Deroanne, M. Paquot and J. Devaux, Polymer Degradation Stability, Influence of homogenization and drying on the thermal stability of microfibrillated cellulose, 95(3); 306-314 (2010)10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.020
13
I. Kvien, B.S. Tanem and K. Oksman, Biomacromolecules, Characterization of cellulose whiskers and their nanocomposites by atomic force and electron microscopy, 6; 3160-3165 (2005)10.1021/bm050479t
14
S. Elazzouzi-Hafraoui, Y. Nishiyama, J-L. Putaux, L. Heux, F. Dubreuil and C. Rochas, Biomacromolecules, The Shape and Size Distribution of Crystalline Nanoparticles Prepared by Acid Hydrolysis of Native Cellulose, 9; 57-65 (2008)10.1021/bm700769p
15
G. Chinga-Carrasco, Y. Yu and O. Diserud, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Quantitative electron microscopy of cellulose nanofibril structures from Eucalyptus and Pinus radiate Kraft pulp fibers, 17; 1-9 (2011)10.1017/S1431927611000444
16
J. Zhao, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Zhang, C. Lu and Y. Deng, Carbohydrate Polymers, Extraction of cellulose nanofibrils from dry softwood pulp using high shear homogenization, 97(2); 695-702 (2013)10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.050
17
J.P.S. Morais, M.D. Rosa, M.D.M. de Souza, L.D. Nascimento, D.M. do Nascimento and A.R. Cassales, Carbohydrate Polymers, Extraction and characterization of nanocelluloses from raw cotton linter, 91(1); 229-235 (2013)10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.010
18
Y. Qing, R. Sabo, J.Y. Zhu, U. Agarwal, Z. Cal and Y. Wu, Carbohydrate Polymers, A comparative study of cellulose nanofibrils disintegrated via multiple processing approaches, 97(1); 226-234 (2013)10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.086
19
N. Amiralian, P. K. Annamalai, P. Memmott, E. Taran, S. Schmidt and D. J. Martin, RSC Advances, Easily deconstructed, high aspect ratio cellulose nanofibres from Triodia pungens; an abundant grass of Australia's arid zone, 5(41); 32124-32132 (2015)10.1039/C5RA02936H
20
T. Saito, S. Kimura, Y. Nishiyama and A. Isogai, Biomacromolecules, Cellulose nanofibers prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of native cellulose, 8; 2485-2491 (2007)10.1021/bm0703970
21
P. Lu and Y.-L. Hsieh, Carbohydrate Polymers, Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocrystals: Rods, spheres, and network, 82(2); 329-336 (2010)10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.073
22
G.H.D. Tonoli, E.M. Teixeira, A.C. Correa, J.M. Marconcini, L.A. Caixeta, M.A. Pereira-da-Silva and L.H.C. Mattoso, Carbohydrate Polymers, Cellulose micro/nanofibres from Eucalyptus kraft pulp: Preparation and properties, 89(1); 80-88 (2012)10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.052
23
J.Q. Zhao, W. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, X.X. Zhang, C.H. Lu and Y.L. Deng, Carbohydrate Polymers, Extraction of cellulose nanofibrils from dry softwood pulp using high shear homogenization, 97(2); 695-702 (2013)10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.050
24
K.N.M. Amin, P.K. Annamalai, I.C. Morrow and D. Martin, RSC Advances, Production of cellulose nanocrystals via a scalable mechanical method, 5(70); 57133-57140 (2015)10.1039/C5RA06862B
25
X.Z. Xu, F. Liu, L. Jiang, J.Y. Zhu, D. Haagenson and D.P. Wiesenborn, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Cellulose Nanocrystals vs. Cellulose Nanofibrils: A Comparative Study on Their Microstructures and Effects as Polymer Reinforcing Agents, 5(8); 2999-3009 (2013)10.1021/am302624t
26
T. Zimmermann, N. Bordeanu and E. Strub, Carbohydrate Polymers, Properties of nanofibrillated cellulose from different raw materials and its reinforcement potential, 79; 1086-1093 (2010)10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.10.045
27
O. Kwon, EFTEM micrographs took at National Instrumentation Center for Environmetal Management, Seoul National University.
28
J.H. Ryu and H.J. Youn, J. of KTAPPI, Effect of sulfuric acid hydrolysis condition on yield, particle size and surface charge of cellulose nanocrystals, 43(4); 67-75 (2011)
Information
  • Publisher :Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국펄프종이공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korea TAPPI
  • Journal Title(Ko) :펄프종이기술
  • Volume : 48
  • No :1
  • Pages :05-18
  • Received Date : 2015-11-24
  • Revised Date : 2016-01-20
  • Accepted Date : 2016-01-30
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7584/ktappi.2016.48.1.005
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korea TAPPI Journal of Korea TAPPI
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close