Chemical Surface Modification and Addition of Additive for Manufacturing CNF Powder with Good Dispersibility

Hakmyoung Lee; Heenae Shin; Shin Young Park; Sooim Goo; Simyub Yook; Hak Lae Lee; Hye Jung Youn

doi:10.7584/JKTAPPI.2021.02.53.1.55

All Issue

2021 Vol.53, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Chemical Surface Modification and Addition of Additive for Manufacturing CNF Powder with Good Dispersibility 우수한 분산성을 갖는 CNF 분말 제조를 위한 화학적 표면 개질과 첨가제 투입

28 February 2021. pp. 55-65

PDF XML

Abstract

As cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are produced at a low concentration in water, they need to be dried to increase their shelf life and reduce transportation costs. However, when CNFs are dried, they are difficult to redisperse due to hornification. In this study, the chemical surface modification of CNFs and additive addition were investigated to fabricate a CNF powder that shows good redispersibility. The chemical modification was achieved by introducing additional carboxyl groups onto the surfaces of the CNFs. Electrolyte and polyelectrolyte were respectively added to the CNF suspension before they were dried. Then, the dispersibility, Turbiscan stability index, morphologies, and viscosities of the redispersed CNFs were measured. It was observed that upon an increase in the carboxyl group content, there was in improvement in the redispersiblity of the CNFs. When carboxymethylcellulose was used as an additive, the dispersion stability of the CNFs was much improved due to the electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance that occur between the nanofibrils. However, mono- and di-valent electrolytes were found to not improve the dispersion of CNF powder.

Keywords

Additive

cellulose nanofibrils

chemical modification

redispersion

spray drying

References

Literature Cited

Foster, E.J., Moon, R.J., Agarwal, U.P., Bortner, M.J., Bras, J., Camarero-Espinosa, S., Chan, K.J., Clift, M.J.D., Cranston, E.D., Eichhorn, S.J., Fox, D.M., Hamad, W.Y., Heux, L., Jean, B., Korey, M., Nieh, W., Ong, K.J., Reid, M.S., Renneckar, S., Roberts, R., Shatkin, J.A., Simonsen, J., Stinson-Bagby, K., Wanasekara, N., and Youngblood, J., Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials, Chemical Society Reviews 47(8):2609-2679 (2018).

10.1039/C6CS00895J

Zimmermann, M.V.G., Borsoi, C., Lavoratti, A., Zanini, M., Zattera, A.J., and Santana, R.M.C., Drying techniques applied to cellulose nanofibers, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 35(8):628-643 (2016).

10.1177/0731684415626286

Posada, P., Velásquez-Cock, J., Gómez-Hoyos, C., Guerra, A.M.S., Lyulin, S.V., Kenny, J.M., Gañán, P., Castro, C., and Zuluaga, R., Drying and redispersion of plant cellulose nanofibers for industrial applications: a review, Cellulose 27(18):10649-10670 (2020).

10.1007/s10570-020-03348-7

Eyholzer, Ch., Bordeanu, N., Lopez-Suevos, F., Rentsch, D., Zimmermann, T., and Oksman, K., Preparation and characterization of water-redispersible nanofibrillated cellulose in powder form, Cellulose 17(1):19-30 (2010).

10.1007/s10570-009-9372-3

Lasseuguette, E., Grafting onto microfibrils of native cellulose, Cellulose 15(4):571-580 (2008).

10.1007/s10570-008-9200-1

Im, W., Lee, S., Abhari, A.R., Youn, H.J., and Lee, H.L., Optimization of carboxymethylation reaction as a pretreatment for production of cellulose nanofibrils, Cellulose 25(7):3873-3883 (2018).

10.1007/s10570-018-1853-9

Peng, Y.C., Han, Y.S., and Gardner, D.J., Spray-drying cellulose nanofibrils: effect of drying process parameters on particle morphology and size distribution, Wood and Fiber Science 44(4):448-461 (2012).

Missoum, K., Bras, J., and Belgacem, M.N., Water redispersible dried nanofibrillated cellulose by adding sodium chloride, Biomacromolecules 13(12):4118-4125 (2012).

10.1021/bm301378n

Moser, C., Henriksson, G., and Lindström, M., Improved dispersibility of once-dried cellulose nanofibers in the presense of glycerol, Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33(4):647-650 (2018).

10.1515/npprj-2018-0054

Butchosa, N. and Zhou, Q., Water redispersible cellulose nanofibrils adsorbed with carboxymethyl cellulose, Cellulose 21(6):4349-4358 (2014).

10.1007/s10570-014-0452-7

Cheng, D., Wen, Y., Wang, L., An, X., Zhu, X., and Ni, Y., Adsorption of polyethylene glycol (PEG) onto cellulose nano-crystals to improve its dispersity, Carbohydrate Polymers 123:157-163 (2015).

10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.035

Velásquez-Cock, J., Gañán, P. F., Gómez, C., Posada, P., Castro, C., Dufresne, A., and Zuluaga, R., Improved redispersibility of cellulose nanofibrils in water using maltodextrin as a green, easily removable and non-toxic additive, Food Hydrocolloids 79:30-39 (2018).

10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.12.024

Hietala, M., Sain, S., and Oksman, K., Highly redispersible sugar beet nanofibers as reinforcement in bionanocomposites, Cellulose 24(5):2177-2189 (2017).

10.1007/s10570-017-1245-6

Kwak, H.W., You, J., Lee, M.E., and Jin, H.J., Prevention of cellulose nanofibril agglomeration during dehydration and enhancement of redispersibility by hydrophilic gelatin, Cellulose 26(7):4357-4369 (2019).

10.1007/s10570-019-02387-z

Sim, K., Lee, J., Lee, H., and Youn, H.J. Flocculation behavior of cellulose nanofibrils under different salt conditions and its impact on network strength and dewatering ability, Cellulose 22:3689-3700 (2015).

10.1007/s10570-015-0784-y

Information

Publisher :Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
Publisher(Ko) :한국펄프종이공학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korea TAPPI
Journal Title(Ko) :펄프종이기술
Volume : 53
No :1
Pages :55-65
Received Date : 2021-02-04
Revised Date : 2021-02-17
Accepted Date : 2021-02-18
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7584/JKTAPPI.2021.02.53.1.55

Journal of Korea TAPPI ISSN:0253-3200(Print) 펄프종이기술

All Issue

Literature Cited