Anatomical and Chemical Characteristics of Rice Straw from Native Rice Varieties for Reproduction of Gojeong-ji

Chang-Owan Park; Tae-Ho Choi

doi:10.7584/JKTAPPI.2025.10.57.5.32

All Issue

2025 Vol.57, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Original Paper

Anatomical and Chemical Characteristics of Rice Straw from Native Rice Varieties for Reproduction of Gojeong-ji 고정지 복원을 위한 토종벼 품종별 볏짚의 해부학 및 화학적 특성

30 October 2025. pp. 32-43

PDF XML

Abstract

Gojeong-ji is a traditional Korean paper made by mixing mulberry bast fibers with rice straw or oat straw fibers. A scientific approach is needed to identify native rice varieties whose straw is suitable as a raw mateGojeong-ji. A total of 30 Korean varieties were examined by separating the rice straw into four main parts: joints, stems, ear stalks, and leaf sheaths. Morphological and anatomical analyses included measurefiber length, fiber width, lumen diameter, aspect ratio, Runkel ratio, and flexibility coefficient. Chemical analyses determined the ash, holocellulose, lignin contents, and 1% NaOH extractives. The straw height ranged from 74.2 to 114.2 cm. The fiber length was longest in the following order: leaf sheath, ear stalk, stem, and node. Fiber length and plant height were significantly correlated. Fibers were widest in the nodes, with no marked differences among the stems, leaf sheath, and ear stalk. The nodes exhibited the widest cell lumen, and the lumen width decreased in the order of stems, leaf sheath, and ear stalk. When comparing the Runkel ratio, flexibility coefficient, and aspect ratio, the aspect ratio was found to have a greater effect on papermaking suitability than the other two parameters. The chemical composition of the 1% NaOH extracthe straw from the stem ranged from 26.8 to 43.1% (average 38.9%), holocellulose from 32.8 to 72.2% (average 50.5%), lignin from 9.3 to 17.2% (average 13.7%), and ash from 4.19 to 37.5% (average 19.9%). Based on these results, ten indigenous rice varieties with properties suitable for Gojeong-ji proselected. They included ‘Jeoktomi-green (No. 26),’ ‘Gangcheongdo’ (No. 1), ‘Guido’ (No. 3), ‘Waejoyul’ (No. 22), ‘Soebenchigi’ (No. 16), ‘Geumgigo’ (No. 4), ‘Yukwoljo’ (No. 23), ‘Jinhwa’ (No. 28), ‘Agudo’ (No. 18), and ‘Jandadagi’ (No. 24).

Keywords

Hanji

rice straw

cultural heritage

Gojong-ji

traditional Korean paper

fiber morphology

References

The Veritable Records of King Sejong (Sejong Year 16, 1434). Vol. 65.

The Veritable Records of King Danjong (Danjong Year 2, 1454). Vol. 11.

The Veritable Records of King Munjong (The first year of King Munjong, 1451). Vol. 4.

Kim, G. (1801). The Collected Writing of Master Jipo. Vol. 2.

Jung, S. Y. (2007). A study on the traditional Korean papers: Mixtures of bast fibers with straw pulps. Journal of Studies in Bibliography, 38, 47-67.

10.17258/jib.2007..38.47

Lee, H. N. (2020). A study on the restoration and application of ‘Gojeongji’ in the early Joseon Dynasty: Focusing on the National Treasure No. 71 Donggukjeongun [Master’s thesis, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage].

Kim, S. J. (2020). The grains of the cold war: ‘Unification rice’ and agricultural production space of 1970s Korea. The Yeoksa and Silhak, 73, 329-357 (2020).

10.31335/HPTS.2020.11.73.329

RDA. (2020). Rice quality enhancement technology. Rural Development Administration of Korea.

Scott, W. E., & Trosset, S. (1989). Properties of paper: An introduction (pp. 1-122). TAPPI Press.

Machida, S. (1988). Paper and Japanese culture (in Japanese) (pp. 29-30). NHK.

Wang, J. H. (2007). Morphology and identification of herb fibers. In J. H. Wang (Ed.), Papermaking raw materials of China, An atlas of micrographs and the characteristics of fibers (pp. 126-149), China Light Industry Press.

Choi, T. H., & Cho, N. S. (1992). Studies on the new Korean traditional paper manufacturing from paper mulberries, Anatomical and chemical properties and pulping characteristics. Journal of Korea TAPPI, 43(1), 32-40.

Wang, J. H. (2007). Morphology and identification of bamboo fibers. In J. H. Wang (Ed.), Papermaking raw materials of China, An atlas of micrographs and the characteristics of fibers (pp. 150-162). China Light Industry Press.

Bublitz, W. J. (1980). Pulpwood. In J. P. Casey (Ed.), Pulp & paper, chemistry and technology (3rd ed.), Vol. 1 (pp.113-152). John-Wiley & Sons Inc.

Perdue, E. R., & Nieschlag, H. J. (1961). Fiber dimensions of nonwoody plant materials. Tappi, 44(11), 776-784.

Smook, G. A. (2002). Handbook for pulp & paper technologist (3rd ed.) (pp. 3-19). Angus Wilde Publications Inc.

Atchison, J. E. (1987). Data on non-wood plant fibers. In F. Hamilton & B. Leopold (Eds.), Pulp and paper manufacture (3rd ed.), Vol. 3: Secondary fibers and non-wood pulping (pp. 4-16). The Joint Textbook Committee of The Paper Industry.

Pan, M. Z., Du, J., Gan, X. H., & Lu, X. Y. (2016). Distribution and ultrastructure of silica on rice straw surface. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 32(4), 309-314.

Lee, B. M., Lee, J. Y., Kim, D. Y., Hong, S. K., Kang, P. H., & Jeun, J. P. (2014). Environmentally-friendly pretreatment of rice straw by an electron beam irradiation. KSBB Journal, 29(4), 297-302.

10.7841/ksbbj.2014.29.4.297

Information

Publisher :Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
Publisher(Ko) :한국펄프종이공학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korea TAPPI
Journal Title(Ko) :펄프종이기술
Volume : 57
No :5
Pages :32-43
Received Date : 2025-08-22
Revised Date : 2025-10-08
Accepted Date : 2025-10-08
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7584/JKTAPPI.2025.10.57.5.32

Journal of Korea TAPPI ISSN:0253-3200(Print) 펄프종이기술

All Issue